Top 20 Computer Terms Every Beginner Should Know Before Starting Any IT Course

1️⃣ Operating System (OS) – The Brain of Your Computer

The OS is the main control of the software system; everything is controlled by your phone and computer devices. That's examples for the,

• macOS and Android 
• iOS for the OS devices they are example of an operating system.
• Without the OS, your devices cannot run the apps and manage the files.

2️⃣ Hardware vs Software – The Body and Soul of Computers

• Hardware is the physical parts of the computers in the system, that's like,
• keyboard and screen, CPU, they are the hardware of the physical parts.
• Software is a program that's like a, 
• apps and games, operating system, they are the software of the parts.

3️⃣ CPU (Processor) – The Computer’s Thinking Unit

The CPU processes all instructions. 

A faster CPU means your device can handle more tasks at once. 

It’s like the brain that calculates, decides, and executes commands.

4️⃣ RAM – Temporary Working Memory

RAM stores data only while the computer is on. 

More RAM means faster multitasking. 

Example: Switching between YouTube and PowerPoint without slowing down that’s RAM at work.

5️⃣ Hard Disk / SSD – Storage for Your Files

This is where your photos, videos, apps, and system files live. 

SSDs are faster and smoother than old-style hard disks.

 If your system loads quickly, thank the SSD.

6️⃣ Input Devices – How You Communicate with the Machine

Keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, and microphone send commands TO the device. 

Without them, you can’t tell the computer what to do.

7️⃣ Output Devices – How the Machine Communicates with You

They communicate with the user through an input device, which is like a 

Monitors, 

speakers,

 printers — these give information BACK to you in visual, audio, or printed form.

8️⃣ Network – How Devices Connect and Share Data

When you connect to Wi-Fi or a hotspot, that’s a network. 

IT jobs require understanding how computers talk to each other through networks.

9️⃣ IP Address – Your Device’s Digital Home Address

IP addresses are unique and string for the figures.

Every device online has an IP address just like your house address. 

It helps the internet know where to send data.

🔟 Database – Organized Collection of Information

Organized of collection of data related to the logical organization of the data. That's called a database.

Like a digital library. 

Apps like YouTube, Amazon, or banks use databases to store your details, videos, messages, etc.

1️⃣1️⃣ Programming Language – The Language Computers Understand

Types of programming languages are presented here. Low-level, middle-level level and high-level programming languages presented.  That's like as,

Python and Java a high-level programming languages

Binary code and machine learning are low-level programming languages.

Java, C, these help us tell computers what to do. Learning one language is enough to start.

1️⃣2️⃣ Algorithm – Step-by-Step Instructions

First, fall understanding the problem and then, how to break down the problems, pseudo code or flowchart, identify the edge cases, refinement, and last process test the algorithms.

A recipe is an algorithm for cooking.

 In computers, algorithms tell the machine how to solve a problem.

1️⃣3️⃣ Cloud Computing – Storing and Running Apps Online

Cloud computing is a technology that enables and customixe to the designs and features that are called cloud computing. example for the,

Google Drive,

Netflix, 

and Gmail all run on cloud servers instead of your computer. 

IT careers depend heavily on cloud skills.

1️⃣4️⃣ Firewall – Your Computer’s Security Guard

           

Computer firewalls are a hackers and traffic to the signals, which is called as the computer of the firewall.

It blocks unwanted access. Like a watchman who checks who can enter your building.

Firewalls are a network of security systems.

Available to the hardware and software monitors of the controls presented here.

1️⃣5️⃣ Malware – Harmful Software

Viruses and spyware

 ransomware and worm

adware and scareware 

Trojans and viruses are anything made to damage or steal data. Learning IT means learning how to avoid or remove malware. Sensitive data is presented here, for example, bank details and passwords, personal emails.

1️⃣6️⃣ GUI – Graphical User Interface

A graphical user interface is an interface to electronic devices, digital devices, graphical components, and elements like,

Icons,

buttons, 

Windows everything you click. A GUI makes computers easy to use. Graphical icons and visual indicators are the secondary part of the notation.

1️⃣7️⃣ Command Line – Text-Based Control

Instead of clicking icons,

 You type commands. Programmers and IT engineers use it daily.

1️⃣8️⃣ Backup – Copy of Important Data

If your files get deleted or corrupted, a backup saves you. 

Always keep one online or on an external drive.

1️⃣9️⃣ URL – The Web Address You Type

URL means the uniform resource locator, which is every URL on the internet has a unique IP address, a host to a server, and a website 

Example for,

www.google.com is a URL. 

It tells browsers where to go.

2️⃣0️⃣ Encryption – Locking Your Data

The data encryption process is like that, encryption ways lead to decryption, and go to the master key rotation to work on the data encryption process.

Encryption protects your messages and passwords so hackers can’t read them.

process of converting data

converting to  plain text

Make the readable data

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